FM DataSheets (FM規范）
轉載：
財產風險控制（Property Risk Control）是FM的強項。FM工程師的用的是FMOS（鎖在FM工程師電腦里不許復制散播），和大家看到的FMDS不同，其中有FM條例規范的解釋以及變通的方法。多年前FMDS光盤也是要收費的，而現在已經公開了，可以在FM官網上下載，只要輸入相關注冊信息就行。規范更新時，還會郵件通知你。
雖然FM只是保險公司，它的FMDS（DataSheet）只能稱其為技術規范，而不像 NFPA（國際認可的標準）和 GB（國家認可的標準）都是標準。但是由于FM在風控上的投入（FM在美國有自己的火災實驗室，通過火災實驗得到了許多寶貴的參數，如：火災發展的特性、不同可燃物的火災控制以及自動噴淋系統的保護等），他們得到了財產險風控領域的高度認可。NFPA的標準編制審核專家組成員中，有FM的資深工程師。NFPA和FM有許多技術規范也是相互借鑒的，只是個別的技術細節和參數有些不同。
由于FM Global 公司在財產險風險控制領域有著獨特的地位，所以受到許多國際知名企業的推崇。在新建項目或者管理企業的風險時，他們會用FM的技術規范作為要求。因此，FMDS非常值得大家學習借鑒。
FMDS分為許多大類（會不定期更新），每個大類又包含許多規范，涵蓋了財產險風控的四大要素COPE以及Utilities，其中以各種危害(Hazards)和保護系統(Protection) 尤為重要。所有FM項目的依據，都是出自這些規范。以下是關鍵的或常用的FMDS的目錄，標紅的為風控工程師必修課，大家可以按需下載學習，如果有機會一定要找專家指點迷津以便迅速提升，少走彎路。我們團隊內部會定期舉辦專題培訓，有針對性地提高大家的技術水準。
1. CONSTRUCTION
1-1 Firesafe Building Construction and Materials 1-2 Earthquakes 1-6 Cooling Towers 1-12 Ceilings and Concealed Spaces 1-20 Protection Against Exterior Fire Exposure 1-22 Maximum Foreseeable Loss 1-28 Wind Design 1-40 Flood 1-44 Damage-Limiting Construction 1-56 Cleanrooms |
2. SPRINKLERS (自動噴淋系統）
| 2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS |
| 2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS - 中文版 |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems - 中文版 |
2-81 Fire Protection System Inspection, Testing and Maintenance and Other Fire LP Inspections |
| 2-89 Pipe Friction Loss Tables |
3. WATER SUPPLY (消防供水）
| 3-0 Hydraulics of Fire Protection Systems |
3-1 Tanks and Reservoirs for Interconnected Fire Service and Public |
| 3-2 Water Tanks for Fire Protection |
| 3-7 Fire Protection Pumps |
| 3-7 Fire Protection Pumps (消防泵中文版) |
3-10 Installation/Maintenance of Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances |
3-26 Fire Protection Water Demand for Nonstorage Sprinklered Properties |
| 3-26 CHN (中文版) |
| 3-29 Reliability of Fire Protection Water Supplies |
4. EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
4-0 Special Protection Systems
4-1N Fixed Water Spray Systems for FP
4-2 Water Mist Systems
4-3N Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems
4-4N Standpipe and Hose Systems
4-7N Low Expansion Foam Systems
4-9 Halocarbon and Inert Gas (Clean Agent) Fire
Extinguishing Systems
4-10 Dry Chemical Processing Systems
4-11N Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
4-12 Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems
5. ELECTRICAL
| 5-1 Electrical Equipment in Classified Locations |
| 5-3 Hydroelectric Power |
| 5-4 Transformers |
| 5-8 Static Electricity |
| 5-11 Lightning and Surge Protection for Electrical Systems |
| 5-23 Emergency and Standby Power Systems |
| 5-31 Cables and Bus Bars |
| 5-32 Data Centers and Related Facilities |
| 5-33 Electrical Energy Storage Systems |
| 5-40 Fire Alarm Systems |
| 5-48 Automatic Fire Detection |
| 5-49 Gas/Vapor Detectors and Analysis Systems |
6. BOILERS AND HEATING EQUIPMENT
6-0 Elements of Industrial Heating Equipment
6-6 Boiler-Furnaces Implosions
6-9 Industrial Ovens and Dryers
6-10 Process Furnaces
6-12 Low-water Protection for Boilers
6-14 Heat Recovery Boilers
6-17 Rotary Kilns and Dryers
6-22 Firetube Boilers
6-23 Watertube Boilers
7. HAZARDS
| 7-0 Causes and Effects of Fires and Explosions |
| 7-1 Fire Protection for Textile Mills |
| 7-7 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities |
| 7-11 Conveyors |
| 7-14 Fire Protection for Chemical Plants |
| 7-17 Explosion Protection Systems |
| 7-25 Molten Steel Production |
| 7-26 Glass Plants |
7-27 Spray Application of Ignitable & Combustible Materials |
7-29 Ignitable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers |
| 7-29 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-31 Storage of Aerosol Products |
| 7-32 Ignitable Liquid Operations |
| 7-32 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-36 Pharmaceutical Operations |
| 7-43 Process Safety |
7-45 Instrumentation and Control in Safety Applications |
| 7-46 Chemical Reactors and Reactions |
| 7-49 Emergency Venting of Vessels |
| 7-50 Compressed Gases in Portable Cylinders |
| 7-51 Acetylene |
| 7-52 Oxygen |
| 7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping |
| 7-55 LPG Storage in Stationary Installations |
| 7-57 Pulp and Paper Mills |
7-76 Prevention/Mitigation of Combustible Dust Explosion and Fire |
| 7-76 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials (NFPA) |
| 7-83 Drainage and Containment Systems for Ignitable Liquids |
| 7-88 Ignitable Liquid Storage Tanks |
| 7-91 Hydrogen |
| 7-95 Compressors |
7-101 Fire Protection for Steam Turbines and Electric Generators |
| 7-108 Silane |
7-109 Fuel Fired Thermal Electric Power Generation Facilities |
| 7-111d Oilseed Extraction |
8. STORAGE (倉儲）
8-1 Commodity Classification
8-9 Storage of Class 1,2,3 4 & Plastic Commodities
8-9 CHN (中文版)
8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage
8-24 Idle Pallet Storage
8-29 Refrigerated Storage
8-34 Protection for Automatic Storage and
Retrieval Systems
9. MISCELLANEOUS
9-0 Asset Integrity
9-1 Supervision of Property
9-16 Burglary and Theft
9-18 Prevention of Freeze-Ups
9-19 Wildland Fire
10. HUMAN FACTOR (人員因素）
10-1 Pre-Incident Planning
10-2 Emergency Response
10-3 Hot Work Management
10-3 CHN (中文版)
10-4 Contractor Management
10-5 Disaster Recovery and Contingency Plan
10-6 Fire Protection Impairment Management
13. MECHANICAL
13-3 Steam Turbines
13-10 Wind Turbines
13-17 Gas Turbines
13-18 Fans and Blowers
13-24 Internal Combustion Engines
備注：
規范編號后綴帶Ｎ的就是借鑒NFPA的。
當年還有一家保險公司IRI - Industrial Risk Insurer 在財產險風控工程領域和FM齊名，不過后來慢慢分解轉型而造成目前FM似乎一家獨大的局面。不過IRI的 Risk Control Manual 也是非常不錯的材料，適合中高級風控工程師學習，有機會和大家分享。
FM以噴淋系統見長，NFPA也是相當推崇噴淋系統，所以行業內的真正專家沒有對自動噴淋系統和消防供水系統不熟悉的（這些只是風控工程師的基本功）。噴淋泵是噴淋系統的心臟，重要程度可想而知。這里，我們就稍微展開一下，談一談專家對噴淋系統的選擇。
噴淋系統供水
地上水池配合地上泵房是專業選擇。噴淋泵通常推薦臥式分體離心泵（horizontal split-case centrifugal pump）。FM-approved柴油泵為佳, FM-approved電泵也可以接受（視企業內部規范而定）。
不是逼不得已不要采用地下水池設計。如果一定要地下水池，那么只能采用FM Approved 立式長軸渦輪泵（vertical-shaft turbine-type pump），或者地下泵房（增加通風等諸多要求）加臥式分體離心泵。（具體內容可以參考NFPA20以及FMDS3-7自學）
噴淋系統設計
根據風險等級決定噴水強度和作用面積，可以用軟件做水力計算。（具體內容可以參考NFPA13或者FMDS2-0自學，對英語困難戶的好消息是FMDS2-0也有中文版的，據說當初FM請新加坡華人翻譯的，雖然譯得有點艱澀，但還算可讀。）
管網
推薦球墨鑄鐵管（ductile iron）埋地加水泥支墩（thrust block）。地上鍍鋅鋼管絲扣連接，不允許焊接
分段閥推薦PIV（post indicative valve），喜歡挖閥井用閘閥也可以
噴淋頭
型號和溫度等級根據現場風險情況確定
噴頭安裝防阻擋，美標國標都有要求